A Study On Rapid Evolution - 1127 Words

4. Introduction: a. I have learned that rapid evolution has expanded exceedingly. Zuk shows this with an example of the average size of fish being way much smaller due to fishermen causing the fish to reproduce earlier than they normally do. Due to this, evolution regulated the growth and size of the fish variously, thus their sexual maturity became different. b. Another thing that I have learned from the introduction is that evolving quickly is not always a good thing. When evolution occurs too fast, there’s only a small percentage of the population that survives while the rest of the population disintegrates. An example of this is the Black Death, where the death rates were about 95%. Thus, only the fittest were able to survive the†¦show more content†¦I was able to understand that we are not at the peak of evolution due to this, and we still have time to evolve more. Chapter 2: a. One thing that caught my interest was learning that due to the modification in our diet with agriculture, disease became more prominent. This shows what happened when we decided to go to crops and civilization for our source of food versus going for the traditional hunter-gatherer role our ancestors once possessed. I thought this was a very interesting fact to learn. b. Another interesting thing is that the level of fitness for individuals could possibly get worse in the future. This is because our population is â€Å"stuck† and not adapting to the environments we are in. An effect of this could mean that we are not suited for the environment we are in, and we still have to evolve more so we can be more adaptive. Chapter 3: a. Some interesting information I learned was that evolution can occur quickly in the wild. Zuk demonstrated an example of this with a species of crickets that she had observed before. In fewer than 5 years, the male crickets had lost their ability to produce sound due to the rapid evolution of parasitic flies affecting the apparatus thus rendering the males. This was an example of one of the fastest cases of evolution. Knowing this allows me to understand that evolution occurring more quickly for one species could affect the evolution of another species. b. I

Windsor Coursework Free Essays

string(151) " questionnaire enables you to design the questions you like and be able to gather the information you so require, therefore being my choice of method\." In my course work I will be investigating 3 main questions. 1. Is Windsor a successful tourist centre? 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Windsor Coursework or any similar topic only for you Order Now Is there a conflict of interest between resident and tourist? 3. What has been done to attempt in solving any conflict? I will be analyzing the benefits and drawbacks for residents who live in a location which is a popular tourist centre. I will be investigating how popular Windsor is and what factors make it in to a good tourist attraction. Windsor can be located in the county of Berkshire. From London to Windsor via coach it approximately took an hour. Tourism Tourism is when people from overseas or other cities have a holiday or day out in other certain areas for recreational or leisure purposes. Tourists can sometimes spend up to a single day or several weeks at the area they are touring .There are many types of tourist destinations such as beaches in Spain, mountains in Kenya, ice regions in the alps, religious pilgrimage like in Mecca and historical like Windsor. Tourist is the term used for a group of people that are touring a certain area. There are many advantages of tourism. Tourism creates opportunities and provides a vast amount of jobs. Tourism makes a city richer, due to the tourist staying over at hotels and eating at restaurants, these places all pay tax to the government which gives the government more money to spend. Like for example Windsor is a rich area because the tourist spend a lot of money and the council use the money to develop the area .Tourism increases the popularity of a certain area and also builds a reputation for the place, when a lot of tourist come they will recommend it to other or re visit which makes even more tourist come. Tourism provides understanding and interaction with different races and cultures. However there are many disadvantages of tourism. Tourism causes overcrowding; so many people densely packed in tourist attractions for example Oxford Street. Tourism also causes annoyance to the residents as they ask questions for directions etc. Tourism increases noise pollution and pollution as they have places to go, and places to see they will be using a lot of transport like buses and cars which causes more global warming, this is also connected to the increase of traffic on the streets. Many factors are required to build up a good tourist centre. A good tourist centre must have many facilities of good quality to satisfy the needs of a tourist. In a good tourist centre there must be restaurants to eat, hotels to stay over for how ever long their stay is. There should be a leisure and sports centre. There should be a hospital if there is a problem with a tourist’s health. Good tourist’s attractions must provide toilets, places of entertainment, gyms, places of worship and shopping centres. There must be a main attraction for example France has the Eiffel tower and Windsor has Windsor castle. A good place to live in needs to provide cheap transport like buses and train, as some families may not be able to afford a car. There needs to be places of education such as public school and colleges. There must be emergency services such as, fire brigades, ambulances, police officers. Of course there needs to be chemist and hospitals to look after the health of residents. Cheap shops, cheap super markets are required so families can buy food, clothing, and house hold goods for cheap prices. Tourism has now increased in our modern society because of today’s transport which is much better and quicker, we are now able to get to the other side of the world in a matter of hours, 100 years ago we didn’t have Heathrow, British airlines, national express etc. Now it’s easier to use aero planes just simply book the ticket, trains are much faster gets you from destination A to B overcoming the problem of traffic, we have motorways and companies that let people travel in coaches .The world is much richer now so more people have money in their hands to spend, plus more people would like to go and enjoy holidays for relief of stress. People now days want to spend their money on leisure with family and friends. Instead of wanting to stay at home people desire to seek and visit other places for enjoyment. What is Windsor? Windsor is a small town located to the West of London on the outskirts just off the M4 at junction 6. You can get to Windsor by train, Windsor Eton Riverside Rail Station; or at Windsor Eton Central Rail Station or can travel on a bus/coach prices may vary with different agencies. Windsor is a popular tourist centre and is known as a historical attraction. Windsor has many attributes which makes it famous like Windsor castle, Windsor Great Park, the crooked house, the guild hall, Lego land, river and Peasecod Street. Windsor has the famous Eton College which David Cameron (the conservative party leader) and Prince William attended. Tourist like to visit Windsor due to its interesting historical background, such as Windsor castle, which has been around for decades, and is still being used by the Queen during the weekends. Many Kings and Queens have lived in Windsor castle but isn’t the only thing to make Windsor famous. Windsor involves other historical content such as Method Here I will summarise exactly what I did during the trip in Windsor. There is various ways in which how we can collect data, which consist of: Questionnaires, documentary evidence, observations and interviews. Questionnaires – A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents. The disadvantage for this method is that people may not have time to fill out the questionnaire and not fill it out for you. However a questionnaire enables you to design the questions you like and be able to gather the information you so require, therefore being my choice of method. You read "Windsor Coursework" in category "Papers" Observations- Is when one analyses the activity of a living being. If we were to observe how the people of Windsor and the tourist felt and so on it would have been largely time consuming and would only record the information we observe. But observing some time we could eventually be able to answer questions we want to know as we can observe how other tourist react in Windsor to. Interviews- An interview is a conversation between two or more people, the interviewer and however many interviewees there maybe. When in an interview one may not feel completely comfortable when asked questions maybe they wouldn’t like to answer such as â€Å"what is your annual salary?†When in an interview you can see the reaction of the person you’re interviewing and unlike a questionnaire where the person writes down the answer you can fill out what the interviewee says. Documentary evidence- Documentary evidence is any evidence introduced at a trial in the form of documents. But information may also be preserved through media. The method which we chose was a questionnaire, due to it being effective inexpensive and having the ability to acquire as many answers in possible within a certain period of time. We had arrived at Windsor, approximately around 10: 00 am, from coach. We had first past Queen Victoria’s transport, the stream train. Then we went to a couple of tourist stores and had picked up a Windsor maps to assist us around the place. We had walked down Peasecod Street and come across to different coloured post boxed, blue and red, also with an unused well alongside. We stood there, while the teacher explained to us more about Windsor. We then looked at the park, and viewed the amazing long path. From there our teacher sent us off to start the questionnaire. We went off in groups of about 4 or 5. We went to the high street with all the shops and first approached a middle aged lady, and asked her if she could help us out in filling the survey. After her, we continued until we had asked 5 tourists. If some one rejected us and did not want to answer the survey, we walked away and said thank you for your time. This did not take long really, since there were so many people walking around. It approximately took about 15 minutes for our group. After that we had to look for 5 residents to help us out, and this took slightly longer as some were at work, university and so on. After about an hour, the job had been completed. I had filled in all gaps and questions on both sheets, and felt comfortable because my data was primary and reliable. The following day as we went back to school, I had put the information from my survey in to a large collection data sheet. I made sure all my results were balanced and equal by putting in a variety of ages and gender .I totalled up all my results and had converted the results in to graphs. The graphs had all seemed to have a similar correlation. I believe it is vital to have an equal and balanced sample of results to confirm, that my results are very reliable and fair. Evaluation of method My trip to Windsor was an enjoyable experience, and was good time learning about the history and attractions of Windsor. I could have improved my method by possibly practicing the questionnaire at school with my class mates, which would have made me more fluent when asking people to assist me in filling out my survey, and it would have boosted my confidence. But the idea of standing on the main road where, there was a lot of shops was good, due to the fact many people were passing through. So it was not much of a problem in finding tourists to fill out the survey, and it was not time consuming. I believe it would have been much easier if we were given a different segment of time to ask the residence of Windsor, as many of them were at work, university, college etc. Primary research Primary research is when you collect primary data by yourself. This is information that only you yourself has attained. My primary research was used to answer certain questions about Windsor. Primary research includes questionnaires and observations. Questionnaire is something I designed to collect the information that I required. I was able to answer the questions I choose to by using my primary research. Secondary research Secondary research is when you use information from an outside source. Where as in primary research you gather the information independently you gather information from places like the internet, library, and magazines. But may not be as reliable as primary since you haven’t gathered the information yourself. Graphs of survey Places that tourist chose to visit This is a graph where tourist told us the places they have visited and places they have not. We can tell from this graph that the park and lego land was most popular amonsgt the tourist we had asked. Tourist seem to not want to attend the tours or visit the river. Lego land is most certainly a top attraction for windsor and must be gainig alot of income for the town. Improvements needed in windsor according to tourist This is a graph where tourist told us thing they felt needed to be improved, stuff which wasnt at the standard they had assumed. This graph tell us tourist was least impressed with the prices and traffic. Which is understandable because a normal can of coke is not at the regular price of 50p and the roads of windosr are constantly filled with cars and traffic jams. Type of transport tourist used to reach windsor People use Cars, trains and buses or coaches this shows windsor has many ways for tourist to visit windsor. Windsor provides many parking facilities for visitors. A lot of people came by coach or bus which displays to us there are companies and agencies providing transport for those who wish to visit windsor therefore windsor must be a good tourist centre if coach agencies are able to get customers to brintg to windsor. Windsor also has train stations around which tell us there are various ways to visit windsor what ever a tourist may feel to use. Would tourist visit windsor again This graph records whether tourist would definatly come to windosr again. Tourist are most content with windsor as we can see, only 2 people would not visit and 18 out of 20 people would definatly or is planning to visit windsor again. Surely the majority of tourist are impressed with windsor which must mean windsor is a good tourist centre. Would tourist reccomend Windsor? The tourist that have attended windsor told us if they would reccomend it to others such as family and friend or if they wouldn’t bother. Of course if you are willing to reccomend a tourist attraction it must be a succesful tourist centre, from the results 17 out of 20 tourist would or are going to reccomend windsor to others. Only 2 people said they wouldn’t reccomend windsor, therefore windsor must be a succesful tourist centre. Attractions that tourist are planning to visit This graphs shows us places where a set of tourist were planning to visit, many of them were planning to attend the tours and go lego land probaly due to the children with them. Tourist must have been told or seen in a brochure the attractions of windsor and were here to view it them selves. Improvements needed according to residents This is a graph that tells us what improvements residents felt that needed to be taken. From this graph we can tell traffic, pedestrians and prices are the things residents are not happy with. Most residents are ok about the toilets and cafes. However like the tourist residents are not enjoying the roads constantly packed with cars. Are there places residents would not go to avoid tourist? 6 out of 20 residents that I asked wouldn’t go to certain places due to tourists this somewhat shows to us there are certain places residents do not feel comfortable to go due to tourist. This proves there must be a conflict of interest if residents avoid certain places in their own home due to tourists. Do residents feel there is any conflict with tourist? Only a few tourist feel that there is some sort of conflict. But I doubt anything major that would escalate to some sort of physical contact. Tourist do not feel as comfortable with tourist and pretty much have to put up with it all the time, new people coming to see windsor which is their home town. I personally believe the conflict is not of much interest and is of little importance as it is only 5 out of 20 people feel there is some sort of conflict. What benefits residents feel that tourist bring This graphs shows what things tourist bring to windsor according to residents. The graph shows that Tourist help out the most with reputation as to why so may people visit, income spending a lot of money on the attractons and other things to buy e.g. food and facilities such as good attractive restaurants. Evalutaion of my results In this paragraph I will explain what I have discovered from my results, and answer the three main questions according to my results. In my personal opinion Windsor is a good tourist centre and the graphs that were produced from the information I gathered from the tourists and residents of windsor . My results show that 18 out of 20 people I asked would visit windsor again and that 17 out of 20 would recommend Windsor to family and friends these results show that the tourist are happy and impressed with there trip to windsor and what windsor had to offer them as a whole. Therefore yes windssor is a succesful tourist centre which means there are a large number of tourist visiting regularly. There is a conflict of intrest as you can see the residents do not like so many cars coming in and out of windsor because it causes to much traffic and means there is more noise and pollution created by the tourists and also the tourist pedestrians walking around means residents tend to avoid leaving the house due to overcrowding. Also tourist feel they are treated unfairly due to Residents being entitled to something knows as † The advantage card† which allows resident to visit the attractions 3 times a year for free. Even though tourist may feel its unfair as they have to pay the expensive cost to enter an attraction I feel it is fair as residents should benefit from something since they are living there. The council may have plans to widen roads and pavements to lessen the congestion cause by the tourist thus making life easier for both residents and tourists. Conclusion The information that I have gathered (primary and secondary) shows us how Windsor is a successful tourist centre. This is proven by the graphs, also there is a conflict of interest between tourists and residents as we can see resident are annoyed with tourist for constantly coming in and out of the places they live in. Tourists feel that it’s unfair since residents get the advantage card. I myself feel Windsor is a great place and would definitely visit again maybe with more friend and family. Windsor is beautiful has an amazing historical background and everything seem to be so cheerful, however of course I do feel that traffic could be improved on and the prices for some goods are higher for the tourists than they are for the residents of Windsor. According to my results it clearly shows that Windsor is a very succesful tourist centre and the tourist really enjoyed visiting Windsor as my results shows that the ratings of every single attrations in Windsor is very high. The second important point which im going to make is that there is a big conflict between the tourist and the residents as the residents don’t like the way the prices in Windsor keep going up every time, the toilets, parking and the streets being very crowded. Local authority has made a lot of effort to resolve the conflict for e.g. they have introduced advantage cards to the residents through which residents can visit all the attratcions in Windsor for a cheap price and they also have free parking. The council has tried to seperate the tourist and residents by dividing them in to two different areas of town for example when the tourist arrive in Windsor that part of the town is very far away from the residential bit of the town and the prices in that area is very high compared to other areas of the town. All of my graphs prove that my hypothesis was correct and Windsor is a very successful tourist centre but there is a lot of conflict in interest between the tourist and the residents. How to cite Windsor Coursework, Papers Windsor Coursework Free Essays My project is about Windsor, it is to find out if it is a good or bad tourist attraction. My main aims are to find out: 1. If Windsor is a successful tourist centre? 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Windsor Coursework or any similar topic only for you Order Now Is there any conflict of interest between residents and tourists? 3. What is being done to resolve any conflict? Tourism is a tertiary segment of the working industry. A tourist is someone that travels in their country or around the world. There has been an increase in tourism worldwide, this is because of: More leisure time: the older population has increased and the when they retire they use up their leisure time by going on holiday. * Shorter working time: the number of hours an employee has to work has decreased over years. * Longer holidays with pay: it is now casual for employees to be given holidays with paid accommodation and flight tickets. * More money: salaries paid to employees have increased significantly alongside with paid holidays has given the possibility to go on holidays more than once. * Greater accessibility: the increase of transport via planes, ferries and cars have enabled more people to travel easily. The benefits of tourism is that there are more jobs available, more money is spent by the tourists which makes the area richer and the area can maintain and preserve historic sites and keep the area clean. However, there are many disadvantages of tourism. Residents complain that there is over-crowdedness due to many tourists or that too much pollution in the area and in most cases there are too many high prices being charged. There are many kinds of tourist destinations a few are: theme parks, adventure parks, museums etc. Windsor is a historic tourist centre. What makes a good place to live is more often usually a good accommodation and situated in an area with easy access to shops like supermarkets, newsagents, etc†¦ At Windsor they offer a range of attractions. Eton is where the residents live, a river, the guildhall designed by Christopher Wrenn where Prince Charles and his wife Camilla were married; they offer bus tours, the long road, Legoland and Windsor castle. Method Within the classroom, I was introduced to the Windsor project. We discussed what makes a good place for residents to live in. We looked at the benefits and costs of tourism and how at our day at Windsor we will need to write if it is a good place for residents and if there is any conflict with the tourists. For Windsor we were given questionnaires and we had to try and get a sample of five residents and if they had any problems with the tourists and we had to find five tourists to find out what they thought of Windsor if they thought Windsor was a successful tourist attraction. Windsor is in the Royal County of Berkshire, 18 miles West of Queens Park. Our coach journey took us 55 minutes. We took the A406, A40, A412 and the M4. We was given a tour by our teachers at Windsor, we got to see the guildhall, the castle, Peasecod Street and Crooked Street the shortest street in Britain. We was then given time to fill in the questionnaires. Getting time to fill in the questionnaires from the residents and tourists was the hard bit and I felt that many people felt intimidated by our group because we has a black boys in our group and there were practically no black people around and when we asked people to give a little bit of time so that we could answer a little questionnaire they refused and said â€Å"sorry, we do not have time,† this happened with the first seven/eight people we asked but eventually we started to get people to help us who were younger aged and pretty soon we filled out all of the survey, in the end it was a difficult task for my group because it took us ages to get people to help us answer our questionnaire however in the end my research was successful. When we got back to school we exchanged our results with each other and got twenty resident answers with ten male and ten female of all ages, we also got twenty tourist answers with ten male and ten female this was done so that it was more of a balanced sample. A balanced sample is important for this investigation because asking only five people in the whole of Windsor did not really mean anything. The more people we asked and questioned would make it a better survey. The forty people we asked really made it fair and more secure prediction of what Windsor tourist and resident people thought of it. To write my introduction, I had to write about what tourism is, why there was an increase in tourism since the past fifty years, I had to find the advantages and disadvantages of tourism, what type of tourist destinations there are, where in Britain it is and include a map of Windsor. The method was writing about what class work, homework and research i had to do follow by the trip to Windsor we had and had to explain if there were any difficulties to obtain the answers to the questions. I then had to make graphs of my results of the twenty male and female residents and tourists. With the graphs i had to explain what each graph represented and what it suggested. This pie chart shows the percentage of male and female tourists. This graph shows the percentage of residents that I asked for my questionnaire This graph shows the number of problems residents have in Windsor for male. This graph shows the number of benefits that 10 female residents have. This graph shows the number of problems 10 female resident’s have. This graph shows the number of benefits 10 Female residents have in Windsor. This pie chart shows the percentage of male and female residents. This graph shows the number of tourists that were either from the U.K or a visitor to the U.K. This graph shows the transport that tourists used to get to Windsor. This graph shows the attraction which the tourists chose to visit whilst on their tour in Windsor. This graph shows the number of changes that tourist think had changed. This graph shows how many out of the 20 tourists recommend Windsor. EVALUATION OF METHOD Overall, the trip was successful, we had a great time and we conducted our results eventually. However, i could improve the project if it was to be done all over again by putting white boys or girls in my group. I am not trying to be racist, but people at Windsor seemed to be scared of talking to black people and it is a fact that on that day I did not see many black people in the area maybe because they are influenced by the criteria given to black people they thought we too might be trouble makers but in fact we really wanted to do our work. The fact that we had to get our results from younger members of the area really did not make my survey fair. But the girls in my class did ask the older people in the community and I was then allowed to exchange answers with them. I realised, that the questions on our survey were a bit exaggerated, we could have made them shorter and saved allot of time and it did make the tourists/residents a little bored of it. At home it was quite easy to do my research, i logged on to the Windsor council website and got all the pictures and information i needed. EVALUATION OF RESULTS My main aims were to find out: 1. If Windsor is a successful tourist centre? 2. Is there any conflict of interest between residents and tourists? 3. What is being done to resolve any conflict? 1. From my results i have found out that Windsor is a successful tourist centre, i can prove this from the above graphs by the primary data provided but not only that, whilst i was at Windsor two residents said that whilst we have lived in Windsor (approximately ten years) tourists think Windsor is not only a successful tourist centre providing many historic scenes, famous areas and fun places like Legoland, but it is a place filled with information of our history making Windsor a British historic site representative and this fact makes Britain such a visited place by tourists which brings many benefits to the area and credit for the country. This proves that the first aim has been accomplished by Windsor by making it a successful tourist centre. 2. I have also found out if there is any form of conflict between residents and tourists. Currently, as my graph shows that many residents have problems with shop prices, crowds and parking facilities. However, the council has made a separate street for residents to shop in which has lower prices than at the close attraction areas. The council has also made roads going around the tourist areas so that they can avoid the rush. Even the parking facility have improved immenselely and has made it easier for residents so as currently all the main problems have been solved. 3. There isn’t really any conflict between residents and tourists. The council has tried their best to make Windsor in both favours so that they can solve any sort of conflict between them to make it a peaceful yet successful tourist centre. 4. I reckon this investigation is very accurate because the questionnaire has been asked from all ages, of all genders and of races through primary data and the exchange of a few survey answers to make it a fair and accurate test. CONCLUSION In this project, I have proved that: * Windsor is a successful tourist centre. * There is a little conflict of interest between residents and tourists. * However, the council has made sure that all problems for both sides have been solved. In this project, I have learnt the role of the council in a community. How to cite Windsor Coursework, Papers

Mikado Essay Example For Students

Mikado Essay The Mikado is an operetta that was written by William Schwenck Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan. Gilberts text is a masterpiece of comic writing and Sullivans ever tuneful music is perfectly adapted, serving in a remarkable manner to set off the amusing character of the words. The two have made a script that is familiar to English audiences. From common English humor to the harsh brutality of the English, Gilbert and Sullivan were able to blend English characters into a Japanese setting. Obviously, doing so would make a good comedy but because of false dilemmas, circular reasoning and illogic facts, it added to the humor of the story. The scene takes place in the city of Titipu, in an old-fashioned Japanese period. A seemingly simple story of a man who falls in love with a girl becomes highly complicated and confusing. The story is filled with illogic rules and laws that the Japanese supposedly practiced. Dilemmas and confusion also causes the story to have a funny twist. Nanki-Poo is the son and rightful heir to the Mikado, emperor of Japan. He flees his city not wanting to marry Katisha, the older woman he is supposed to marry. In another city, he falls in love with a girl named Yum-Yum who is supposed to wed an official, Ko-Ko. However, because being with her is impossible, he leaves the city and only returns when he has heard that Ko-Ko has been condemned to death for flirting. The irony is that when he returned, hoping to finally be with his love, he finds out that not only is Ko-Ko still alive, but has been pardoned and promoted to Lord High Executioner of Titipu. Here lies the first problem for Nanki-Poo. As for Ko-Ko, he now is required to find someone that deserves to be executed for the Mikado has been strucked by the fact that no one has been executed in Titipu for a year. He threatens to abolish the office of Lord High Executioner if one is not done within a month. Devastated by the fact that he cannot wed his love, Nanki-Poo contemplates suicide but is slyly persuaded by Ko-Ko to perish at a later date, under the authority of the Executioner himself. The catch is that Nanki-Poo will have a chance to marry Yum-Yum but has to be executed within a month of the marriage. It is indeed humorous that at such a time, some of the other characters start singing Long life to you when it is obvious then that he has to die soon. It is later discovered that under the Mikados law, the widow of a beheaded man would have to be buried alive. Here is a dilemma for the characters. If Yum-Yum marries Nanki-Poo, he will eventually have to be executed and she perish a horrible death. However, if she doesnt marry Nanki-Poo, he would probably commit suicide, and hence there wouldnt be a person to execute. The logic here is faulty and is transformed to humor because it is obvious that no one needs to die in this situation. Fleeing to another city is a choice that none of the characters see. They indulge themselves with meaningless and useles s way outs that would only box themselves later on. Hearing that the Mikado is approaching the city to see if his orders have been carried out, Ko-Ko and Nanki-Poo become nervous. They plot a fake execution and Ko-Ko tells Nanki-Poo to take Yum-Yum and flee the city, for he cannot bear to execute anyone. It is at this time that the Mikado arrives with his entourage and his daughter-in-law elect. The Mikado relates to Ko-Ko about his lost son and asks Ko-Ko if he is in the city. Ko-Ko amusingly replies that he has fled to Knightsbridge, a Japanese exhibition village that opened in England. More trouble occurs when Katisha discovers that on the false death certificate lies the name of her love, Nanki-Poo. Another dilemma occurs here. Katisha claims Nanki-Poo in marriage, but he cant wed her because he has already married Yum-Yum. Consequently, if he returns with Yum-Yum, Katisha would insist on his execution, and in turn Yum-Yum would be buried alive. The story ends with Ko-Ko marrying Katisha. However, his proposal was based on a more complicated theory than that of pure love. Once Katisha accepts Ko-Ko in marriage, Nanki-Poo and Yum-Yum would come back and explain everything. The end of act 2 shows the cast rejoicing and celebrating after a very close call. .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c , .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c .postImageUrl , .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c , .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c:hover , .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c:visited , .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c:active { border:0!important; } .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c:active , .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Enders Game EssayBibliography:

The wax argument and its purpose

Rene Descartes is a famous French philosopher whose ideas and considerations are prominent, and they are studied up to now. Some of the ideas are controversial. There are a lot of different theories considered by Rene Descartes. However, the wax argument is one of the most contentious and discussed issues.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The wax argument and its purpose specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is essential to consider the way of thinking Descartes applies to when trying to understand the nature of the wax argument and its importance. Using wax as the object for reflection and consideration, Descartes has concluded that to judge an issue one is to reject thinking about its properties at the moment and to rely only on his/her deduction and mind. Feelings and perception of the aspects prevent a person from an objective consideration of the issue. Emotions are also extra in this case. Thus, to create an u nbiased opinion about a problem all the perceptions and feelings are to be removed. Trying to follow the way of thinking Descartes applied to, the following process may be considered. Descartes has taken a piece of wax, and he has listed its main characteristics. Having considered the shape, texture, size, color, smell and other features of the wax, Descartes has created a particular point of view about the piece of wax, however, after he melted this piece another substance was seen. It is essential to understand that this melted piece of wax was the same piece. However, its shape, texture, size, color, and smell changed. This is the main idea of the wax argument Rene Descartes has presented. To measure an object (wax in this case), Descartes recommends not to shift to the perceptions, feelings, and emotions; deductive method is to be used to consider the issue. Following the way of thinking Descartes applied to while concluding the deduction use only while making decisions about th e object qualities, the following data is to be considered. Having melted the piece of wax, it has lost all its initial conditions. However, it remains the same wax. Therefore, thinking about wax, people are not to refer to their sensory abilities. Descartes refers to wax as to something more extended, such as space. Moreover, a piece of wax may come through many changes a person may not be aware. However, it remains that piece of wax. Therefore, the wax is perceived through personal understanding. Finally, when people say that they â€Å"see† the wax, they usually judge through understanding what they see (Lacewing 235).Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, the main conclusion Descartes comes to is that â€Å"when we perceive an object like the piece of wax, there is an act of judgment involved in our perception. I do not see the piece of wax – I infer that it i s there from appearances provided by my sense† (in Morton 74). Thus, such consideration is referred to as a wax argument. When people are to consider an object, they are to frustrate from the perception of this object, think objectively and discuss the fundamental characteristics of it. There are three primary purposes of the wax argument presented by Descartes. The wax argument â€Å"serves as an argument for rationalism and, by implication, nativism†, â€Å"it serves as the first sketch of Descartes’ reasoning and theory regarding the nature of corporeal and non-corporeal substance†, and â€Å"it serves as an argument that, contrary to common sense, the mind is known better than the body† (Graziano 1). These purposes help us consider the main metaphysical categories wax argument is applied to, modal properties, numerical identity, and substance-things. It should be concluded that each object has at least one feature when considering the properties of an object. People are unable to know about each property an object may have under various conditions. However, the basic knowledge about an object helps him/her identify it under the diverse influence. The numerical identity of objects refers to the different ways of identification, numerical and qualitative. Finally, substance-things category relates to the properties of an object which may be a collection of coexisting properties and the predicted ones (Graziano 3). Descartes uses the wax argumentation in consideration of God as an existing creation. A philosopher applies this theory trying to explain that it does not matter that we are unable to see God; we understand that God exists. The perception is reduced to a minimum, and only the deduction is to be applied while considering this issue. This trust in the things which are not absolutely certain is the central theme of Descartes and his philosophy. When applying to the wax issue, in this case, the philosopher tries to pro ve that it is possible to trust in God without having any visual support as trying to visualize God we apply to our perception which is not necessary in case of wax argumentation. This is one of the main characteristic features of the wax argument. It teaches people not to see the object but to consider it the way one understands. Returning to the discussion of wax as a piece, the following data should be mentioned. A philosopher tries to show us that a personal vision of wax is what important in comparison with wax as an object which is seen. Personal consideration is the primary purpose of wax argument.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The wax argument and its purpose specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People should be able to get the main idea of an issue no matter what conditions the problem is at the moment. Each person applies to experience he/she has in the question of personal understanding of the objects a nd their qualities. It is essential to see the piece of wax even when it is melted and to be aware of its initial qualities. Therefore, considering the main idea of the Descartes’ wax argument and its implementation into practice, the following statement should be referred to, â€Å"I now know that even bodies are not strictly perceived by the senses or the faculty of imagination but by the intellect alone and that this perception derives not from their being touched or seen but from their being understood† (Descartes 22). The human mind works so actively that when we see an object, we can consider its main properties no matter under which conditions an object has appeared. The human brain is unique. People can perceive objects as they are and to consider them in their initial appearance. People are able to consider the main properties essential for a particular object when treating various objects. The main idea of the wax argument is that people usually use their min d to treat an object and to define its characteristics and only when they refer to perception trying to identify the conditions which have affected it. Works Cited Descartes, Renà ©. Descartes: Meditations on First Philosophy: With Selections from the Objections and Replies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Print. Graziano, Richard G. Descartes’ wax argument for the sum res cogitans. 2011. 28 Sept. 2012. PDF File. Retrieved from https://cla.calpoly.edu/ Lacewing, Michael. Revise Philosophy for AS Level. New York: Taylor Francis, 2007. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Morton, Peter. A Historical Introduction to the Philosophy of Mind, second edition: Readings with Commentary. New York: Broadview Press, 2010. Print. This essay on The wax argument and its purpose was written and submitted by user Matilda Flores to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Mars Venus Essay Example

Mars Venus Essay Example Mars Venus Essay Mars Venus Essay Legen has it that Venus and Mars had an affair which resulted in three progeny.   To the disdain of the gods, Vulcan, Venus’ husband, caught them together in a metal net.   Botticellis Venus, meekly ponders her exhausted conquest as impish satyrs sport with his lance and helmet.   Allegorically, this suggests that love and beauty will surmount war and strife.   However, the erotic nuances of the work, and the swarm of wasps around Mars head are reminders that the victory is always temporary. Three Ages of Man – Titian.   Depicting the three stages of life (childhood, adulthood, old age) we see Cupid scrambling over sleeping babies who may mature into such as the young lovers on the right.   Their passionate and highly intimate connection will ultimately be interrupted by death, symbolized by the skulls on which the old man is contemplating.   The viewer is invited to meditate on the inevitable passage and transience of human life while being reminded of the everlasting nature of love, as the church in the background signals the promise of eternal life in heaven. The Nightmare – Fuseli.   Violence, horror and the supernatural are obvious themes in this work.   The beautiful young woman sprawls, with her arm limply hanging down, mounted by a demonic incubus that is quite literally is a burden on her heart.   The ‘night mare’ gazes rabidly through the curtains with phosphorescent eyes, leering at the pair, as link to the Danish tradition of â€Å"mara† personifications of nightmares. The Old Woman (Coltempo) – Giorgione.   Devastation and desolation have been impressed on the curved figure.   Her balding skull, few remaining teeth, and lines that are etched into her face remind the viewer of the clear transience of beauty and youth.   The scroll, reading â€Å"with time† (translated) provides an even more obvious and terrible warning of what comes to every human. Satan Arousing Rebel Angels – William Blake.   The Gnostic heresy that the world is dominated by Satan is beautifully portrayed in this work.   Contrary to popular contemporary portrayals, Blake’s Satan is beautiful, even beguiling.   Is he arousing the rebels from apathy to action, or to sexual desire?

Common Application Essay Option 5 Tipsâ€Personal Growth

Common Application Essay Option 5 Tips- Personal Growth For the 2018-19 admissions cycle, the fifth essay option on the Common Application  focuses  on personal growth: Discuss an accomplishment,  event, or realization that sparked a period of personal growth and a new understanding of yourself or others. We all have all had experiences that bring about growth and maturity, so essay option five will be a viable choice for all applicants. The big challenges  with this essay prompt will be identifying the correct accomplishment, event, or realization and then making sure the discussion of your growth has enough depth and self-analysis to show that you are a strong and  thoughtful college applicant. The tips below can help guide you as you tackle essay option five: What Defines a Period of Personal Growth? The heart of this essay prompt is the idea of personal growth. Its a remarkably broad concept, and as a result this essay prompt gives you the freedom to talk about almost anything meaningful that has ever happened to you. Your job with this essay prompt is to identify a moment that is meaningful and that provides the admissions folks with a window into your interests and personality. As you work to define an appropriate period of personal growth, reflect on the last several years of your life. You shouldnt go back more than a few years since the admissions folks are trying to learn about who you are now and how you process and grow from the experiences in your life. A story from your early childhood wont accomplish this goal as well as a more recent event. As you reflect, try to identify moments that made you rethink your assumptions and worldview. Identify an event that has made you a more mature person who is now better prepared for the responsibilities and independence of college. These are the moments that can lead to an effective essay. What Type of Accomplishment, Event, or Realization Is Best? As you brainstorm ideas for this essay prompt, think broadly as you try to come up with a good choice for the accomplishment, event, or realization. The best choices, of course, will be significant moments in your life. You want to introduce the admissions folks to something you value highly. Also keep in mind that these three words- accomplishment, event, realization- are interconnected. Both accomplishments and realizations stem from something that happened in your life; in other words, without some kind of event, youre unlikely to accomplish something meaningful or have a realization that leads to personal growth.   We can still break down the three terms as we explore options for the essay, but keep in mind that your options include, but are not limited to: An accomplishment:You reach a goal that you have set for yourself such as earning a certain GPA or performing a difficult piece of music.You do something independently for the first time such as preparing a meal for the family, flying across the country, or house-sitting for a neighbor.You overcome or learn to appreciate a disability or handicap.Working alone or with a team, you win an award or recognition (a gold medal in a music competition, a strong showing in Odyssey of the Mind, a successful fundraising campaign, etc.)You successfully launch your own business (a lawn-mowing service, babysitting business, web company, etc.)You successfully navigate or extricate yourself from a dangerous or challenging situation (an abusive family, a problematic peer group, etc.)You do something challenging like winter camping, white-water kayaking, or running a marathon.You complete a meaningful service project such as creating a public garden or helping build a house with Habitat for Humanity. An event:You pass a milestone in your life such as the first day of high school or your first time driving by yourself.You have an interaction with someone (whether that be a friend, family member or stranger) that opens your awareness in a profound way.You perform at an event such as a concert or competition in which your hard work and perseverance finally pay off.You experience a traumatic event such as an accident or sudden loss that makes you reevaluate your behavior or beliefs.You experience a moment of failure (much like option #2) that causes you to grapple with and grow from the experience.You are moved by a world event that makes you reflect upon what you most value and what your role in the world might be.A realization (most likely connected to an accomplishment and/or event):You realize that you can accomplish something you hadnt thought possible.You realize your limitations.You realize that failure is as valuable as success.You realize that your understanding of people wh o are different than you had been limited or faulty.You experience something that makes you realize that you need to redefine your priorities.You realize that relying on the help of others isnt a failure.You come to understand how much a parent or mentor has to teach you. Personal Growth Can Stem From Failure Keep in mind that the accomplishment,  event, or realization doesnt have to be a triumphant moment in your life. An accomplishment can be learning to deal with setbacks or failure, and the event could be a losing game or an embarrassing solo in which you missed that high C. Part of maturing is learning to accept our own shortcomings, and recognizing that failure is both inevitable and an opportunity to learn. Most Important of All: Discuss When you discuss your event or accomplishment, make sure you push yourself to think analytically. Dont spend too much time merely describing and summarizing the event or accomplishment. A strong essay needs to show off your ability to explore the significance of the event you have chosen. You need to look inward and analyze how and why the event caused you to grow and mature. When the prompt mentions a new understanding, it is telling you that this is an exercise in self-reflection. If the essay doesnt reveal some solid self-analysis, then you havent fully succeeded in responding to the prompt. A Final Note for Common Application Option #5 Try to step back from your essay and ask yourself exactly what information it conveys to your reader. What will your reader learn about you? Does the essay succeed in revealing something that you care about deeply? Does it get at a central aspect of your personality? Remember, the application is asking for an essay because the college has holistic admissions- the school is evaluating you as a whole person, not as a bunch of test scores and grades. They essay, then, needs to paint a portrait of an applicant the school will want to invite to join the campus community. In your essay, do you come across as an intelligent, thoughtful person who will contribute to the community in a meaningful and positive way? No matter which essay prompt you choose, pay attention to style, tone, and mechanics. The essay is first and foremost about you, but it also needs to demonstrate a strong writing ability. These 5 tips for a winning essay can also help guide you. Finally, realize that many topics fit under multiple options on the Common Application. For example, option #3 asks about questioning or challenging a belief or idea. This can certainly connect with the idea of a realization in option #5. Also, option #2 on encountering obstacles could also overlap with some of the possibilities for option #5. Dont worry too much about which option is best if your topic fits in multiple places. Most important is that you write an effective and engaging essay. Be sure to check out this article for tips and samples for each of the Common Application essay options.

Chapter Twelve Reading Response Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chapter Twelve Reading Response - Assignment Example ‘The Kiss’ is an artistic sculpture that creatively shows unity between the lovers. Though the ‘The Two Fridas’ depict unity, it also represents the duality of Frida after she underwent a divorce. Quite sad! The two works I responded to most negatively were Jean Hans Arp painting ‘Collage Arranged According to the Laws of Chance’ and Sergei Eisenstein photo ‘Battleship Potemkin’. The two works of art depict violent times and the anguish that befell the people. In particular, the ‘Battleship Potemkin’ shows the pain and suffrage the people experienced after the Cossacks fired into the crowds during the anti-czarist uprising. On the other hand, ‘Collage Arranged According to the Laws of Chance’ depicts a social protest against the destruction of life and senseless slaughter in World War I. One work of art that I would like to know more about is Philip Johnsons ‘Glass House’ built in 1949. It appears magnificent in an isolated place among the forests. I am a fan of nature; therefore, I would be impressed to know more about

Postmodernism can help in our understanding of 'popular' film Essay

Postmodernism can help in our understanding of 'popular' film - Essay Example He went ahead to describe that this ideology of survival of humans was linked to as capitalism. Marxism described capitalism as a notion where there existed labour division among people and class separation was existence in the manner that where was a significant difference in power and wealth. As a result, Marxism theory was based on capitalism and he linked this aspect to explain how the society works in a cyclic manner. According to Birchall (2008) when Karl Marx theory of capitalism was related to art, capitalism sought to create a value of any object in terms of money, so art was no exception. With that, art was also reduced to consequent value such that, even if the piece of art was regarded as high art, according to the capitalist theory by Karl Marx , the art definitely had a price value that was attached to it. According to Freeland (2001) Sigmund Freud spoke about art as a way to express â€Å"unconscious feelings† that the artist may even lack (p. 157). He explained that, â€Å"[The artist] is urged on by instinctual needs...; he longs to attain honour, power, riches, fame and the love of women; but he lacks the means of achieving these gratifications. So like any other with an unsatisfied longing, he turns away from reality and transfers all his interest, and all his libido, on to the creation of his wishes in the life of fantasy, from which the way might readily lead to neurosis† (p. 157). This can be elaborated to mean that Sigmund viewed art as a matter that was related to an urge to produce art and get wealthy and famous but not as a means to express to the society. Discuss how Postmodernism can help in our understanding of 'popular' film Postmodernism in the film â€Å"The Matrix Trilogy† Baudrillard Jean was a philosopher who came up with theories related to postmodernism in art and the impact that this art had. Some of his works revealed aspects such as "Simulacra and Simulations". According to Baudrillard (1994), "the  simulacrum  is never that which conceals the truth--it is the truth which conceals that there is none. The simulacrum is true† (p. 1). He talked about the presence and use of simulation and simulacra in art such that it would relate to reality. He described it as the â€Å"generation by models of a real without origin or reality: a hyper real†. He went ahead to describe that a lot of models have been created and simulated in a manner that would look real without doubt whereas â€Å"the real is produced from miniaturized cells, matrices, and memory banks, models of control-and it can be reproduced an in finite number of times from these† (p.2). When Baudrillard Jean stated this, he meant that simulation could be produced from aspects such as matrices and the output could also be manipulated and repeated over and over again until the abstraction of the real object has been produced by the simulation vector. As a result, no clear distinction could be made between the real object or image and the false one as they both appeared inspiringly similar. When this methodology of "Simulacra and Simulations" was translated to the film, â€Å"The Matrix†

It Is Hard to Possess a Sense of Belonging When We Are Unsure of Our Own Identity Essay Example for Free

It Is Hard to Possess a Sense of Belonging When We Are Unsure of Our Own Identity Essay The journey in finding our identity and belonging can often be a struggle, since we ask ourselves, ‘who am I’ vs. whom do others want me to be? And where do I belong? This point in our live is subjective, because we want to feel accepted in society we deny ourselves of what we really are. It’s hard to have a sense of belonging when we ourselves are unsure of our own identity. There comes a time where our opinions and beliefs are differentiated from those around us, during this time some people may discover where they belong, where as many others do not. We are all different in our own ways no one is born equally some may take their differences as an advantage and some take it as a disadvantage and tries to hide this imperfection in order to fit in. Although we all live in the same world we are all different be it the shape of our eyes, the colour of our skin, the country we were born or the accent that we speak in and to others their sexuality. These are all the traits that come together and create our identity, however this differences are sometimes not accepted in the society that we live in, and the sad part is that even if we know what we really are deep inside, our society tells us otherwise. Shuffling through the book Growing up Asian in Australia, I read a lot of stories that made me feel nostalgic, having flashbacks in my head when I first step in Australia and the feeling of deja vu overwhelms me with emotions, while flipping through the stories I read something that caught my attention ‘My First Kiss’ by Lian Low. Her story is not something I would say that I could relate to completely, She grew up in country where ‘homosexuality is a criminal offence’, and deep inside she knew she was different but her surrounding kept her from being true to herself, â€Å"becoming more ‘womanly,’ I suddenly lost foot of my tomboy world† she denied herself in order for her to blend in. She wanted to be equal with the people around her but the difference can’t hide what she is â€Å"I felt a foreigner whenever I open my mouth. Whenever I spoke my accent betrayed my origins† â€Å"My attempt to blend in failed me as soon as I opened my mouth†. The reason why we are all unique is because we ultimately choose what does or does not impact us in a crucial or unimportant way, we have the choice to accept or deny our uniqueness but whichever we choses influences our form of distinctiveness. Everything and everyone can influence a person’s identity, while some influences can be minor, some can have a major effect on our lives just like Lian Low’s story after concealing and denying her sexuality she finally learned to accept her difference after her first kiss with a girl. She erudite in writing that once became her source of comfort and used to bury herself with, â€Å"Writing and performance have been outlets, `they have let me be myself, express myself and explore my multiple identities: Asian, woman, queer, migrant, Chinese-Malaysian-Australian. † It is not solely one stage of our lives when we are confronted with an identity crisis, but a continuous challenge throughout our lives as we encounter new experience that will alter our thoughts, emotions and perspective on ourselves. We have to learn to love and accept our individuality, In order for us to feel welcomed and accepted by someone or something In fact as suggested by Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, a psychology theory cantered on human’s innate desire of fulfilment, belonging is a need that we naturally seek in order to feel loved. Whether it’s belonging with your friends’ family or surrounding, we need to embrace our individuality to know what we want, what we are, and what we’re not.

Virtual Reality :: essays research papers

When a sound source is visible and auditory cues conflict with visual cues, vision always predominates over audition. When a sound source presents no visible cues, the most important role of vision is in the monitoring of head movements. The visual field provides important feedback about the nature and degree of head movement so that deliberate disturbance to the visual field causes significant disruption in the ability to localize and invisible sound source. This is essential in ensuring the success of virtual reality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All the applications of the technology of television have been dominated by entertainment. Because of this, the vast majority of televised scenes have been of familiar landscapes; domestic rooms; churches; courtrooms and even the open prairie. In each case, the viewer is able to bring a vast amount of his or her experience to bear in interpreting the missing third dimension.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  However, as applications of television broaden to include displays for molecular modeling programs for surgery for instance, the televised scenes become unfamiliar and interpretation of the depth cues become more difficult.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Just as in the cinema, the human eye’s persistence of vision means that we experience consecutive still images as a continuously flowing moving image. But, despite constant development in video display technology (better colour, higher definition images etc.), all television systems present a completely ‘flat’ 2-D image. Therefore, it is essential to understand various techniques used by virtual reality engineers to ensure a realistic visual stimulation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Depth Enhancement Techniques   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many applications of television technology, which would benefit from conventional 2-D display to 3-D systems, are deprived of this transformation due to other considerations. Nature has solved the lack of binocular vision in animals not equipped with two forward-facing eyes by furnishing them with a mechanism for extracting depth information from motion parallax cues. Humans cannot do this without artificial aid and so require the assistance of video depth enhancement systems like the Pulfrich Effect and Depth Enhanced Vision (DEV).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Pulfrich Effect is named after a nineteenth century discoverer who noticed that if a neutral density filter is placed over one eye, a swinging pendulum appears to swing in an ellipse. Depending on the direction of motion, objects on a video screen also appear to recede into the screen or advance out of the screen. This effect is due to the filter that causes the brain to process two identical retinal images at different speeds, which results in motion parallax being misinterpreted by the nervous system.

Overview of Marketing and Branding Products of Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited Essay

The correct usage of these Lubricants of right quality ensures prolonged and trouble free vehicle operation, providing maximum benefits to the users of present day modern vehicles. Overview In line with the economic liberalisation in India, Lubricants was the first downstream Petroleum product to be totally deregulated with effect from 1991. Since then a large number of players – National, MNCs as well as Global Players – have entered the Indian Lubricants market. Despite operating in a totally competitive environment, BPCL’s Lubricants SBU has been registering a growth in lubricant sales continuously over the past couple of years. In 2007-08, an overall growth of 10% has been registered, with a healthy turnover of Rs. 1680 crores (approx USD 350 million). In 1998, we re-launched our Lubricants in new attractive packs, mainly in Automotive category with three major brands depicting each segment- Mak for Diesel Engine oils, Automol for Petrol Engine oils and Glide for Two/Three wheelers(mainly 2T then). In the year 2003, we decided to go for Umbrella Brand-MAK Lubricants, in subsequent years, branded all our industrial grades with MAK. Retail Channel Our core strength is our retail outlet network across the country, this comprises of about 7530 retail outlets. Our Lubes SBU have undertaken various initiatives in co-ordination with Retail Business to grow our sales volume through this channel. Initiatives undertaken by the SBU are setting up of Hero Honda City Works, Tata Authorised Service Station (TASS) and installation of Quick Oil Change Machines at retail outlets. Bazaar Channel With a network of 190 PLDs, 600 MAK Garages and MAK Mobile Vans established to improve reach and penetration in rural and unrepresented areas of MAK Brand, the SBU could reach to the last mile as far as the customers are concerned! We continue to improve our brand visibility across the network and there by increasing our market share across the segments. Industrial Channel Large number of prestigious customers has been added during the year to our already existing prestigious customer list. We are also suppliers of initial engine oil fill to TATA Motors, TVS, and Hero Honda etc. We also hold respectable share of Railway and Defence business. Infrastructure The Lube Plants at Wadilube (Mumbai), Budge Budge (Calcutta), Loni (Delhi) and Tondiarpet (Chennai) have organised themselves as close-knit teams to maximize levels of production and dispatch. The Plant at Wadilube is an ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004 ;amp; OHSAS 18001:2007 certified Plant. As part of the ongoing improvements in packaging, the new series of packages developed entirely in-house have been introduced. Other initiatives To support the business initiatives, a major thrust has been given to improving BPCL’s product offering and increases its market presence. The new R;amp;D Center at Sewree, Mumbai, has developed a number of new products in the automotive and industrial categories. Towards higher visibility, substantial investments have been made in revitalising the brands through product quality and package improvements. The entire distribution system has been revamped with the formation of Supply Chain Management department to ensure that products are more conveniently available and distinctively visible in the market price. Exclusive branded Lube Shoppe’s have been opened all over the country to improve our reach, as well as many innovative & unconventional methods are being used to create brand awareness especially in the diesel oils segments. Another major initiative has been to reach the products to the rural population through the tie-up with ITC – e-choupal network which has spread the MAK brand across the country in rural areas also. Currently this network is available in Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Madhya Pradesh and is likely to extend to other states also shortly. MAK also embarked on another thrust area of enrolling garages across the country in the network of â€Å"MAK Garages† there by providing standardized service across the network. This initiative not only rovides opportunity for the garages to enhance their business opportunity but also provides an assurance to the end customers that their vehicles are getting the right kind of lubricants. Brand Ambassador To promote MAK brand among the youth and improve the brand visibility, MAK signed up M. S. Dhoni as Brand ambassador in the year 2006. The rise of MAK brand in the minds of the consumers as well as market share coincided with the rise of Dhoni also, who today is the Youth icon of the year and also the Captain of the Indian team for all versions of the game – like MAK being the â€Å"Champion of All Engines†. BPCL is confident that it will continue to make substantial and sustained efforts with appropriate investments, synergies business between channels, improve quality and quantity standards, invest in R&D for new product development and aggressively build the brands to result in maximising the value addition for both the business and its customers. Research and Development Vision To create a centre of technical excellence for Product & Application Development through pursuit of knowledge and fostering creativity / innovation to be a pacesetter and achieve cost leadership in petroleum industry. Introduction The Research & Development Centre at Sewree, Mumbai was established in 1983 and recognized by Department of Scientific & Industrial Research, MoS&T. The R&D Centre has highly skilled and experienced Scientists & Engineers capable of developing various types of lubricant products, innovatively, using modern technology. It is equipped with state-of-the-art equipment / facilities for testing of lubricants, greases and fuels besides certain rig & performance tests required for developing new lubricants as well as upgrading the existing products on continuous basis.

Douglas MacArthur Essay

Is Douglas MacArthur a true American hero? Just who is this man that is so famous in our American history books? Douglas MacArthur, who eventually trained at West Point was born in the year of 1880 to a military family. His dad was Lieutenant General Arthur MacArthur Jr. , a man that raised a son who looked up to him as his own hero since he received the Medal of Honor. Douglas MacArthur also looked up to his grandparent, who was in politics which gave his grandson direction being so close and familiar with important men who influenced our nation. Douglas MacArthur who lived in various places during his lifetime before serving in many wars, such as World War II. Little Rock, Arkansas and San Antonio Texas were just a couple of places he resided before becoming famous for serving in France as a Chief of Staff member who was assigned to the forty-second Rainbow Division where he was promoted to Brigadier General where he was later given the title â€Å"Division Commander. † He was a leader who wanted his men on the forefront of fighting and went down in history as a man who loved to fight. I admire Douglas MacArthur for his strong views and being a man who was a strong leader instead of a follower. He was a influential person who will always be admired, respected and talked about in history classes across a strong America. A place that Douglas MacArthur firmly believed should be fought for.

International Student Summit

International Student Summit Free Online Research Papers This report talks about: All the experiences I had in London, how much information I got, and what are the reactions I had. I’ll try to put pictures and I hope you will like it. I would like to thank the British Council, the Natural History Museum and everyone who was involved in this summit and made it work even with a single signature. Introduction: Getting the Visa: I thank the British Council once again for doing all the paper work. All I had to do was to give them the requirement papers and the visa was ready in about five days. The members of the conference from Libya: There should have been three people; me, another person and an adult but only the adult and I went there. The other person skipped the conference in the last minute for personal reasons. Getting on the plane and arrival: The trip was very comfortable and the plane landed safely. Then we collected our bags and took the 40 £ that the British Council gave us and went to the Imperial College We met Jakira and Eleanor who took us to the Sherfield Building and that is where we had dinner. I checked in into the Imperial College’s building after dinner. I took my room key and met Jakira and Eleanor again and they took us to the Alexander Fleming Building where we set house rules and made sure that everyone was in agreement not to break them. We played some icebreaker games that gave me the chance to get to know others and where everybody was from. We split up into six groups and I guess I was the lucky one because my group was the best or that is what I think. In my group there were the Canadians and Libyans; all girls but me. Then we all went back to the Beit hall and went to our beds. Day One of Student Summit: First thing in morning we met with Eleanor and went to have breakfast. When breakfast ended we took a walk to the Natural History Museum. They handed us the Quiz Dom handsets. And this is how the Quiz Dom handsets look like: We headed to our seats and this how it worked. The question appears on the screen and we answer with yes or no or we choose A B C D E F. The First speaker was Mr. Tom Burke. Mr. Tom said: â€Å"Don’t be under forty† He said this because all of the people who are under 40 years old are going to be suffering and we are the ones who are going to face all the disasters starting from earthquakes to the massive destructive hurricanes. I felt he was right because our mother earth is really suffering and humans are 100% responsible for what is going on. We are responsible for Global warming and our co2 footprint and we do have the sufficient technology to stop it or at least to prevent it from happening anymore. Yet we do not use it. Break time. The Second speaker was Professor Mike Hulme. Climate change: implication for the future, choice for the present. The Professor did talk about something seemed really interesting to me because we do not have it in Libya. He talked about the Thames barrier that was built in the United Kingdom to prevent the seawater from invading the land. Due to rising sea levels, there was a discussion in the public about raising the barrier. But he said that we should deal with the problem instead of going around it and of course the main reason for this problem is global warming. â€Å"How high are we going to keep building higher Thams barrier?† he said. The third speaker was Dr. Jeremy Leggett who talked about the Climate change meets peak oil: the numbers game of the century. A summary of Dr. Jeremy Leggett talk is that our business and particularly our oil industry are making mother earth suffer. He said that governments are not making the big steps towards a cleaner environment because the temperature already is higher than the average 2 degrees Celsius. Lunch: The fourth speaker was Dr. Jillian Anable and he talked about Driving to the limit: the effects of transport on climate change Dr. Jillian Anable made clear that the car is primary mode of transport for 6% of the world’s population but the transport sector is growing really fast all over the world. The more cars being sold, the more co2 emitted into the globe. Even worse is that although all cars have the same function as transport vehicles, they have varying fuel usage so that even driving the same distance, one car can emit more co2 than another. Here’s a really good example that made me go like WOW. The fifth speaker was Dr. Dave Reay and he talked about Tackling climate change in the urban jungle. Dr. Dave made a really good point when he pointed the accusatory finger at cities. He said â€Å"Cities are now responsible for three-quarters of all greenhouse gas emissions released into the atmosphere by humankind†¦ Yes we may be sliding deeper into a human-made climate abyss, but our cities can provide the ladder out of the hole we’ve got ourselves into. He meant that it was possible within cities to come up with urban-centric solutions to tackle the very pollution they emit. Short break. Then all the speakers sat together and it was our turn to ask some questions. We asked some really good questions I don’t have the time to write all of them but I can say what I asked. Q1: Ok you already said that scientists invented cars that use hydrogen instead of gas why don’t we see any of these cars on the market or why don’t we even see any hydrogen stations? Q2: Since it’s still a new technology (the hydrogen cars), when do you think they are going to officially be used all over the world? Summit closes for the day. And return to the Imperial College. After that we played games and had something to eat in the map room at the Royal Geographical Society. Evening ends Day Two of Student Summit: . . Review of the last day. Dr. Bob Bloomfield introduces the first speaker Mr. Colin Butfield speaking of the WWF. Mr. Colin Butfield talked about how we could live in peace with our mother earth. (One planet living) Mr. Butfield made his argument with points on diminishing resources and animals in the wild due to our over-consumption in urban areas. Lets put this one in point form and you can be the judge: Only 250 tigers left in India. Only 350 tigers left in Bangladesh. 27% of co2 emissions come from our houses. 55% of timber used in our homes. The United Kingdom is the third largest importer of illegal timber in the world. More than 50% of the global population lives in he cities now. Cities take up to 2% of the planet space. Break Time. The second speaker was Dr. Mark Spencer and he talked about Urban plants: their importance in a changing world. The main idea was that if plants were used in the right way they can be our allies. They can provide shade and soothe the atmosphere. Due to global warming many types of plants has been excessively spreading through cities. London Rocket is sort of a plan that is invading London because of global warming. Thousands of types of grass are being affected by global warming. By examining trends in plant growth, we have an idea of the effect of global warming on our environment. The third speaker was Dr. Tim Sparks and he talked about Dear diary: everyone can contribute to monitoring the effects of climate change. This is a summary of what Dr. Tim Spark said: Very little data would exist without volunteers acting independently or as part of networks. Historical data is valuable in examining temperature response, but much data lies scattered and in obscurity. Our ambition is to preserve and make available historic data for comparison with a continuing phonological network. Current data shows a large shift towards early timings in plant and animal cycles. Continued monitoring is necessary to identify change and potential problems with life cycles, competition and the food chain. Lunchtime. Then our group visited the Ice station Antarctica at the Natural History Museum. Londons green spaces: improving peoples access to nature By Shirley Mitchell. The thing that really took my attention over here is that 42% of Londons citizens said that London isn’t a green city. Short break. Then it was Question time and I asked: Q: I asked Mr. Colin Butfield. Are their any volunteers working on the WWF? If so how can anyone become a part of it? He said they do have volunteers working with them and he asked me where am I from. I told him that Im from Libya. He said that they don’t have offices in Libya but they are doing some work over there and he took my E-mail address and said he would see what he could do. Summit closes for the day. Depart on foot and went to high street Kensington. Shopping. Shopping ends we met Eleanor outside of the McDonald. Depart by coach to a pizza restaurant. Dinner. Dinner ends. Depart on foot to London eye for embarkation. We returned by coach back to the Bait hall Lights off time to bed. Day three of student summit. We met Eleanor and went to have breakfast. Breakfast ends. Arrive to the NHM. Review of the last day. The first speaker was Mr. Ken Livingstone The mayor of London and he was talking about Climate change: the challenge of the 21st century. Something the mayor of London said really amazed me: â€Å"We don’t need new technology. We have what we need. We simply need the political will and we can reduce our carbon footprint by 80-90%. He was 100% right. The mayor of London made really clear points. He said that London is the only city that has increased in population by 10% but seen no increase in the carbon emissions. He also mentioned that there should be a small carbon taxes on air travel and this will produce for sure the air travel carbon footprint. Break time. The Second speaker was Mr. Peter Head, Director of ARUP The development of low carbon green cities. Mr. Peter Head was talking about the first eco-city (dongtan) and he said that it is one of six and the first phase of development is due to be completed in 2010. The eco-city will have a lower footprint than any other city thanks to its perfect designing. China hopes that eco-cities will help to remove humanity from the industrial age to the ecological age within the 50 next years. The third speaker was Ms. Brenda Boardman; Head of lower carbon Futures team at Environmental change Institute, Oxford University Personal carbon allowances. The idea was to give each person a specific amount of carbon that they can use whichever way they want and this amount is written on there carbon cards but some questions need to be asked first. How much should individuals be allowed? Should all individuals be given the same amount? Are children different in their carbon needs from adults? If this happened then it will produce the countrys carbon footprint. Those carbon cards should look like this. Lunchtime. The fourth speaker was Ms. Tatiana Bosteels, London Climate Change Agency moving towards a low carbon London The fifth speaker was Mr. Adrian Hewitt, Merton borough Council the power of local government to combat climate change. Short break. Questions time and I asked the mayor of London before he leaves. Q: Are those hydrogen buses going to be used all over Europe and will it ever going to be possible to make any sort of law that will force the other countries to use them? The answer was that those buses will be used in London in the next two years also in Europe very soon but we will not be able to force other countries to use them. Although since we are the first who invented those buses then this will create an international market and will be open for sail all over the world. Summit closes. After that we made our way to the hydrogen buses in front of the Natural History Museum and it took us in a tour on over London and put us back into the Imperial college. Evening ends. Lights off and time to sleep. Last day we had breakfast hugs and goodbyes then checkout and it was time to go to the airport. And finely†¦ Because a green city is a dream that comes in the minds of all those who cares about environment.. And it’s a dream I hope that I could bring it to realty to make my city greener.. So it can survive from the other problems that other cities are already having. I wish to be like a green hand that is digging over here and there. I wish to be the mind that tells the people what to do to make theyre cities greener. I wish that I could do all that while Im provided with all the knowledge that the British council could provide me with either working inside or outside of Libya. Research Papers on International Student SummitAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Quebec and CanadaPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyTrailblazing by Eric AndersonStandardized TestingWhere Wild and West MeetMind TravelHip-Hop is ArtBringing Democracy to AfricaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

Profile of MSNBC Host Chris Matthew

Profile of MSNBC Host Chris Matthew Chris Matthews is the feisty, outspoken host of MSNBCs Hardball, a top-rated program devoted to political news and analysis.   Matthews is known for his blunt, outspoken style and tough grilling of interviewees, and for his in-depth knowledge of and love for politics. He has produced a number of acclaimed special news programs for MSNBC, including Rise of the Right in 2010, a look at the rhetoric of violence and discrimination of rightwing extremists. Political Views Chris Matthews has been accused of being both too liberal and too conservative. In truth, hes an independent thinker, not prone to political extremism. His views are colored more by his Catholic convictions than by partisanship. As a young man, Matthews was a conservative Goldwater supporter until he was attracted to the anti-war, pro-civil rights 1968 presidential campaign of fellow Irish Catholic Eugene McCarthy. Matthews has worked for four Democratic leaders, and yet, since 2001, has spoken to an array of conservative organizations. Matthews has openly stated,   Im more conservative than people think. Earlier Positions   1968-70 - Peace Corps, in Swaziland1973-74 - After knocking on 200 doors on Capitol Hill, Matthews landed a staff position with Sen. Frank Church (D-UT).1974 - Unsuccessful run for Congress from Philadelphia1974-81 - Speech-writer and advisor to Sen. Ed Muskie (D-ME) and President Jimmy Carter.1981-87 - Administrative assistant and chief spokesman for Speaker of the House Tip ONeill (D-MA). As a powerful top aide to the Speaker, Matthews honed his political skills and masterful understanding of the political process. He also made invaluable Capitol Hill contacts. Tip ONeill retired in 1987. Broadcast Newspaper Journalist: 1987 - Briefly worked for Government Research Corp, a private company.1987 - 2000 - Washington D.C. bureau chief for the San Francisco Chronicle newspaper2000 - 2002 - Nationally syndicated columnist for the San Francisco Chronicle1997 - Debut on CNBC of Hardball with Chris Matthews, later moved to MSNBC. Hardball airs daily on weekdays, and as needed for special political coverage.2002 - Debut of The Chris Matthews Show, a 30-minute weekend news and political roundtable program produced by NBC News. Honors and Publications   In addition to 17 honorary doctorates, Matthews has been awarded: David Brinkley Award for Excellence in Broadcast JournalismAbraham Lincoln Award from the Philadelphia Union LeagueThe Gold Medal Award from the Pennsylvania Society Chris Matthews has authored 4 best-selling books: Hardball: How Politics Is Played Told By One Who Knows The Game (1988) Kennedy Nixon: The Rivalry That Shaped Postwar America (1996) Now, Let Me Tell You what I Really Think (2001) American: Beyond Our Grandest Notion (2002) Personal Data Birth - December 17, 1945 in Nicetown, Pennsylvania, a Philadelphia suburb, to Herb Matthews, a court reporter, and Mary. The Matthews, conservative Irish Catholics, had 4 other sons, Herb, Jim, Bruce and Charlie.Education - B.A. 1967, College of the Holy Cross. Graduate work in economics, University of North Carolina.Family - Married in 1980 to Kathleen Matthews. 3 children, Michael, Thomas, Caroline.Faith - Roman Catholic Chris Matthews suffers from diabetes, and was hospitalized in fall 2006 for diabetic complications. He also survived a bout of malaria in 2002 that he likely contracted in Africa. Marriage and Family Chris Matthews has been married to Kathleen Matthews since 1980. Kathleen Matthews is an award-winning news anchor/producer who covered D.C. news, mainly for ABC, for over twenty-five years.   In late 2006, she was named Executive VP - Communications Public Affairs of Marriott International. Born in 1953 in Los Altos Hills, California, the oldest of five children, she was a 1975 honors graduate from Stanford University, where she majored in American Studies and played varsity tennis. Kathleen Matthews is active in charitable causes, sits on many non-profit boards, and with Chris, co-chairs a capital campaign for D.C. Catholic Charities. She holds 10 honorary doctorate degrees. Chris and Kathleen Matthews have three children. Their son Michael (b. 1982) is a filmmaker who graduated from Brown University in 2005. Their son Thomas (b. 1986) is an actor who has starred in American Hustle  , Joy, and HBOs  Ã‚  The Newsroom.  Their daughter, Caroline (b. 1989), who graduated from high school in 2007, has absorbed her fathers interest in Africa, and formed an AIDS awareness school club. In 2006, Caroline participated in a service project at an AIDS orphanage in Kenya, and wrote about her experience in a Newsweek magazine article. Chris Matthews brother Jim Matthews was defeated in his 2006 run as the Republican candidate for Pennsylanias Lieutenant Governor. Memorable Quotes by Chris Matthews On Press Coverage of the Iraq War It is like we are at war - we have killed 15,000 people that died over there in that war, we still get guys knocked off every couple of days, a couple more guys are killed - and yet it is not on the tube. It’s like, are we bored with the war now? Is that the new thing? We don’t cover a war guys are fighting? And I watch the news, I don’t see the war any more. It has been taken off television, and Bush must love it. Certainly Karl Rove loves the fact that the Iraq War has gotten boring for the American people. - Radio Interview with Don Imus, September 21, 2006 Advice to Aspiring Political Journalists Ive had one helluva an apprenticeship for what Im doing on television: fifteen years in politics, fifteen years writing for San Francisco newspapers. I wouldnt have any of this if I hadnt gone to Washington and gotten in the door. Thats what youve got to do: get yourself in the game. - May 16, 2004 Commencement Address to Hobart and William Smith Colleges On Liberals and Conservatives The liberals will talk about poverty, injustice, and racism, and nuclear war, and pick that part of the Christian message from Jesus, and the conservatives will find the evils of sodomy, the evils of, uh, uh, infidelity, the evils of sex of any form. It seems like the conservatives don’t like sex and they’re very focused on that and the liberals are focused on social injustice. - March 9, 2007 on MSNBCs Hardball On His 2002 Bout with Malaria The important thing, I think, is how the experience affected me. There is no adequate emotional accounting for the effect of all those flowers, plants, fruit baskets, letters and phone calls. Or for the calm joy of simply having my crazed career engines turned off for a couple of weeks. Or for the love that has flowed from Kathleen and the rest of my world. - Speech in August 2002, transcript at Peace Corps Online

What is the theme in the story "The Chrysanthemums" by John Essay

What is the theme in the story "The Chrysanthemums" by John Steinbeck - Essay Example All what Elisa can perform is to watch Henry from a distant as he performs his job. Any kind of detail that reaches her about the ranch management is conveyed indirectly from Henry, who only speaks unclearly, and in with words of humiliation instead of treating his wife fairly as an equal partner. The tinker appears cleverer as compared to Henry, however does not have Elisa’s passion, spirit, and desire for adventure. As per Elisa, he may even match the skills of tinker. Yet, it the one who is favored for a ride about the country, leading an adventurous life that he imagines is flabby for women. Steinbeck employs the tinker and Henry as substitutes for the paternalism of patriarchal societies in common: the way they ignore women’s potential, the same the society does. Steinbeck outlines that urge for sexual fulfillment is incredibly powerful and causes an individual to behave in an irrational way. Henry and Elisa are in a functional marriage but very passionless and they appear to treat one another more of a sibling than a spouse. From the story, Elisa is a tough woman associated with sexuality and fertility but lacks even a single child, revealing the nonsexual character of her relationship with Henry. Regardless of the fact that her marriage does not fulfill her needs, Elisa has remained a sexual person, a behavior that Steinbeck portrays as desirable and normal. From her frustrated sexual desires, Elisa’s attraction to the tinker is astonishingly uncontrollable and powerful. When she tells about staring at the star at night, for instance, her language is through and nearly pornographic. She goes on her knees before him and in a position of sexual submission, looking and reaching out towards him, as the narrator describes it, â€Å"like a fawning dog.† In quintessence, she subjects herself at the intimacy of a completely unfamiliar person. The outcome of Elisa’s strong attraction is perhaps even much destructive than the desirability itself.

Constipation (Advanced pharmacology) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Constipation (Advanced pharmacology) - Assignment Example It is given in a low dose initially and later increased to the maximum dose for effectiveness. However, in cases where the individual does not respond to Aricept and the dementia worsens, doctors begin prescription with Namenda which has been approved for the treatment of advanced forms of the disease. In some cases both the drugs are also given in combination. Screening of dementia in a primary care setting initially utilizes a rapid screening tool for memory loss such as the Mini-Cog or Family Questionnaire which are easy and can be administered by nurses or a medical assistant. If these initial tools are indicative of memory loss the patient is then subjected to a second cognitive assessment using tools such as Mini Mental State Examination which also take about 10-15 minutes to administer. Based on the scores the person is referred to a dementia specialist. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties of the four drugs used in dementia are different. Donepezil selectively inhibits acetylcholinesterase with a half-life of 70 h, Galantamine is also a selective inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase but also has a modulating effect on presynaptic nicotinic receptors and has a half-life of 6-8 h. both these drugs are metabolized by specific cytochrome oxidases in the liver. Rivastigmine is an irreversible inhibitor of both acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase with a short half-life of 1-2 h. It is metabolized by esterases in the liver and intestine. Memantine is a low-affinity antagonist of NMDA class of receptors and has a half-life of 70 h. It is mainly eliminated unchanged via the kidneys. The most common adverse effects of acetylcholinesterase are nausea, vomiting diarrhea, muscle cramps, fatigue, headache, pain, common cold, and urinary incontinence. Rare side effects include bradycardia and sinoartrial and atrioventricular blocks. In case of Memantine, drug hypersensitivity, dizziness, hypertension, constipation and headache are common.

Church Government Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Church Government - Research Paper Example On the other hand, the congregational polity is one where there is autonomy of local churches in that these churches have no affiliation to any other church. The other form of church governance is the single elder polity in which there is the pastor is the main source of guidance and decision making organ. Lastly, the plural-led polity is the most applicable form of church governance as it involves both the clergy and the elders being on the same level of governance. Comparison between the five models Presbyterian Ideally, this form of church governance existed in the olden days of the bible to which many of the present day churches have adopted. Presently, the application of this church governance involves the congregation voting in the elders that they feel would lead them in a just manner. However, the aspect of these elected leaders having the entire decision on how to govern the congregation posses some challenges as the decision of the elders chosen is unquestionable. As compar ed to congregational churches, the decision making process partly involves the congregation making this form of church leadership be one way. On the contrary, this polity evokes some democracy aspects as the judgment on church matters does not lie in the shoulders of one elder as compared to the single elder polity. ... This makes the session have accountability towards higher authority hence making them exercise responsible leadership as compared to one elder polity. Single Elder polity In this form of church governance, the church congregation tends to have equal stature among all members meaning that an individual is superior to others in the church. Over time, this form of church governance has elicited critic as the most humble of the congregation takes up the leadership role. This makes them more special than the rest of the church because this serves as an impediment to access to God. Additionally, the scripture has no illustration of this aspect as the Bible 2 tends to have widespread application of the Presbyterian leadership as kings had sessions of elders that helped them in governance and decision-making. Others consider this as a form of secular polity as its rise was during the American expansion period due to the travels that the missionaries experienced. This meant that the Americans involved in the spreading of the gospel could not be under a specified region like in the Presbyterian polity hence influencing this form of church governance. Therefore, this encompassed service to a large fraction of society under the leadership of a single individual. Congregational polity Arguably, this is a sovereign form of church governance witnessed among contemporary churches in which the absolute decision power lies in the congregation itself 3. This has distinctive features as c compared to the above-mentioned polities in which the final decision making responsibilities tend to vary between congregations. This form of polity has also attracted critic as the congregation makes decisions for itself hence implying that they may negate God’s law in their