Saturday, March 21, 2020

The Best IB Physics Study Guide and Notes for SL

The Best IB Physics Study Guide and Notes for SL/HL SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips IB Physics HL and SL are difficult courses. Even with the best teacher, you will likely need to spend some time studying on your own to understand the most difficult concepts covered in the course. I remember I did when I took IB Physics HL. In this study guide, I've compiled links to all of the best free IB Physics study guides so you can easily find notes on the topic you're interested in. I organized this guide using the IB Physics syllabus. How to Use This IB Physics Study Guide If there is one topic that you need to review, use the Command + F function on your keyboard to search this guide for that topic. For instance, if you want to study Relativity, use Command + F to bring up the search function. Type â€Å"Relativity† and it will bring you to all of the material for Relativity. If you are looking for overall study material for the IB Physics Exam, skip to the end of this guide to the Overall Reviews section for great overall study resources. First, I give you resources by IB Physics Topic. I label the resources as: Quick Reference: a one-page summary of the material if you just need a quick refresher. Longer Notes: notes (generally 3-10 pages) if you are looking for a more in-depth explanation. Slideshow: PowerPoint presentation on the material. Video: video reviews of topics and demonstrations of how to solve problems related to that topic. Topic 1: Measurements and Uncertainties Longer Overall Topic Notes Slideshows for Measurements and Uncertainties 1.1 Measurements in Physics Quick Reference 1.2 Uncertainties and Errors Quick Reference 1.3 Vectors and Scalars Quick Reference Topic 2: Mechanics Longer Overall Topic Notes Slideshows for Mechanics 2.1 Motion Quick Reference 2.2 Forces Quick Reference 2.3 Work, Energy, Power Quick Reference: Work, Energy Power 2.4 Momentum and Impulse Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. Topic 3: Thermal Physics Longer Overall Topic Notes Slideshows for Thermal Physics Videos for Thermal Physics 3.1 Thermal Concepts 3.2 Modelling a Gas Topic 4: Waves Longer Overall Topic Notes Slideshows for Waves Videos for Waves 4.1 Oscillations Quick Reference: Forced Oscillations and Resonance Quick Reference: Simple Harmonic Motion Quick Reference: Energy Changes during Simple Harmonic Motion 4.2 Travelling Waves 4.3 Wave Characteristics Quick Reference 4.4 Wave Behaviour Quick Reference: Wave Properties 4.5 Standing Waves Topic 5: Electricity and Magnetism Longer Overall Topic Notes Slideshows for Electricity and Magnetism 5.1 Electric Fields Video: Electric Force and Field 5.2 Heating Effects of Electric Currents 5.3 Electric Cells 5.4 Magnetic Effects of Electric Currents Topic 6: Circular Motion and Gravitation Slideshows 6.1 Circular motion Quick Reference: Uniform Circular Motion 6.2 Newton’s law of gravitation Video: Gravitation and even more on Gravitation Topic 7: Atomic, Nuclear and Particle Physics Longer Overall Topic Notes Slideshows 7.1 Discrete Energy and Radioactivity Video: Atoms and Electrons 7.2 Nuclear Reactions Video: Energy Levels, Photons, Bohr’s Model 7.3 The Structure of Matter Topic 8: Energy Production Longer Overall Topic Notes 8.1 Energy sources 8.2 Thermal energy transfer Additional HL Topics Topic 9: Wave Phenomena Longer Overall Topic Notes Slideshows 9.1 Simple Harmonic Motion 9.2 Single-Slit Diffraction 9.3 Interference 9.4 Resolution 9.5 Doppler Effect Topic 10: Fields Longer Overall Topic Notes Slideshows 10.1 Describing Fields 10.2 Fields at Work Topic 11: Electromagnetic Induction Longer Overall Topic Notes Slideshows 11.1 Electromagnetic Induction 11.2 Power Generation and Transmission 11.3 Capacitance Topic 12: Quantum and Nuclear Physics Longer Overall Topic Notes Slideshows 12.1 The Interaction of Matter with Radiation 12.2 Nuclear Physics Options Option A: Relativity Longer Overall Topic Notes A.1 The Beginnings of Relativity A.2 Lorentz Transformations A.3 Spacetime Diagrams Additional Higher Level Concepts A.4 Relativistic Mechanics A.5 General Relativity Option B: Engineering Physics B.1 Rigid Bodies and Rotational Dynamics B.2 Thermodynamics H3: Additional Higher Level Concepts B.3 Fluids and Fluid Dynamics B.4 Forced Vibrations and Resonance Option C: Imaging C.1 Introduction to Imaging C.2 Imaging Instrumentation C.3 Fibre Optics Additional Higher Level Concepts C.4 Medical Imaging Option D: Astrophysics Longer Overall Topic Notes D.1 Stellar Quantities D.2 Stellar Characteristics and Stellar Evolution D.3 Cosmology Additional Higher Level Concepts D.4 Stellar Processes D.5 Further Cosmology Overall Reviews These are notes, practice, questions, and videos covering all of the IB Physics topics mentioned above. These are great resources to use when reviewing for the IB Physics exam. Practice questions for every topic Core topics 1-4 notes Core topics 5-6 notes More physics videos Tips for Using These IB Physics Notes Now that you know where to find IB Physics notes, what's the best way to use them? Follow these three tips to get the most out of your notes. #1: Don't Ignore a Topic That You Don't Understand If you learn about a new topic in class and don't quite understand it, it can be be tempting to just forget about it and move onto the next lesson. Don't do this! The longer you wait to go over the topic, the harder it will be to actually understand it because you will have forgotten more of what you learned about it in class. If you're not sure of a certain concept or equation, use these notes to learn more, read the corresponding chapter in your textbook, and/or ask your teacher for more explanation. #2: Review Material Throughout the Year There are so many topics you cover in IB Physics that if you do not keep up with the material during the school year, you will find it nearly impossible to catch up. Don't wait until the last minute to begin your review. You will not be able to master it all in a few days or even a few weeks (which is why the class is taught over 1 to 2 years). Make sure you conquer the topics when your teacher covers it in class. Use this study guide for additional help. #3: Don't Forget About Practice Tests Practice tests are also a key part of studying. Once you feel you're pretty confident with your knowledge of the material, take a few practice exams to get a feel for what to expect on test day. Check out our guide on IB Physics past papers for free resources you can use. What’s Next? Want more IB Physics study resources? Access more IB physics study tools by looking at past IB Physics papers. We also have a few articles on the PrepScholar blog that you might find helpful for physics studying. Read up on the law of conservation of mass, the specific heat of water, and the formulas you need to calculate acceleration. Not sure which other IB classes to take? Learn more about the other IB classes offered and which IB classes are offered online. Almost finished with your IB courses? Check out our guide to learn when your IB exam scores will be available. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Wednesday, March 4, 2020

Nerve-Winged Insects, Order Neuroptera

Nerve-Winged Insects, Order Neuroptera The order Neuroptera includes an interesting cast of six-legged characters: alderflies, dobsonflies, fishflies, snakeflies, lacewings, antlions, and owlflies. The order name derives from the Greek neuron, meaning sinew or cord, and ptera, meaning wings. Though we refer to this group as the nerve-winged insects, their wings arent laced with sinews or nerves at all, but instead with branching veins and crossveins. Description: The nerve-winged insects vary enough that some entomologists divide them into three distinct orders (Neuroptera, Megaloptera, and Raphidioptera). Ive elected to use the classification system outlined in Borror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, and consider them as a single order with three suborders: Suborder Megaloptera - alderflies, dobsonflies, and fishflies Suborder Raphidioptera - snakeflies Suborder Planipennia - dusty-wings, lacewings, mantidflies, spongillaflies, antlions, and owlflies Adult nerve-winged insects typically have two pairs of membranous wings, all nearly equal in size, and with many veins. Specifically, most Neuropteran wings have abundant crossveins near the leading edge of the wings, between the costa and subcosta, and parallel branches off the radial sector (see this diagram of wing venation if youre unfamiliar with these terms). Insects in this order have chewing mouthparts and filiform antennae with many segments. In general, nerve-winged insects are weak fliers. The larvae are elongate, with squared heads and long thoracic legs. Most larvae of nerve-winged insects are predaceous, with chewing mouthparts to consume their prey. Nerve-winged insects undergo complete metamorphosis, with four life stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. In the Planipennia, they produce silk from their Malpighian tubules. The silk is extruded from the anus and used to spin a cocoon. All other nerve-winged insects have naked pupae. Habitat and Distribution: Nerve-winged insects live worldwide, with roughly 5,500 species known from 21 families. Most insects in this order are terrestrial. The larvae of alderflies, dobsonflies, fishflies, and spongillaflies are aquatic, and inhabit rivers and streams. Adults in these families tend to reside near water. Major Families in the Order: Sialidae - alderfliesCorydalidae – dobsonflies and fishfliesMantispidae - mantidfliesHemerobiidae – brown lacewings Chrysopidae – common lacewingsMyrmeleontidae - antlionsAscalaphidae – owlflies Families and Genera of Interest: Antlion larvae often go by the nickname doodlebugs. They build pitfall traps in the soil to ensnare ants and other prey.Spongillafly larvae prey on freshwater sponges.Larvae of mantidflies are parasites of spider egg sacs.Some lacewings camouflage themselves by attaching woolly aphid carcasses to their backs. This enables them to live among the aphids without being detected.Green lacewing females place each of their eggs on a long, think stalk which is itself attached to a leaf. This is thought to help keep the eggs out of reach of predators. Sources: Insects - Their Natural History and Diversity, by Stephen A. MarshallBorror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. JohnsonNeuroptera, by Dr. Jon Meyer, North Carolina State University, accessed December 6, 2012Order Neuroptera - Antlions, Lacewings and Allies, BugGuide.Net , accessed December 6, 2012